專題論文
Thesis

專題論文
Thesis

  1. 標題
  2. 中文關鍵字
  3. 中文摘要
  4. 英文關鍵字
  5. 英文摘要
  6. 目次
  7. 參考文獻

COVID-19 危機與歐盟衛生法
COVID-19 Crisis and EU Health Law
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編著譯者
陳靜慧
出版日期
刊登出處
72
授權者
ISSN
1561-6312
地址
台北市士林區華岡路55號大賢館
電話
02-2861-0511
關鍵字
歐盟衛生法；新冠肺炎；跨域危機；內部市場；公民保護機制 ；歐盟專門機構；歐洲藥品管理局
中文摘要
歐盟有無衛生法，在1990 年代中期仍有爭議。時至今日，多數看 法已不再質疑歐盟衛生法是否存在，討論轉而聚焦於歐盟衛生法的範 圍與內涵為何，本文目的即爲探討歐盟衛生法的範圍與法律框架。首 先運用歷史研究法，依時序對歐盟衛生法此一法領域的形成過程進行 研究，包括過去發展及今日所及範圍。其次介紹歐盟面對新冠疫情的 危機處理方式，涵蓋透過公衛協調合作及危機處理機制、內部市場權 限、財政治理框架而為之措施，並分析其對歐盟衛生法範圍的影響， 同時闡述歐盟在經歷數波新冠疫情後就協助成員國強化公衛系統所提 出之佈局與策略。接著針對歐盟衛生法發展迄今之內涵與結構可能隱 含的問題作評析，包括間接立法衍生的隱憂，及強化歐盟專門機構問 責制度之必要性。最後對本文研究議題作總結，並展望後疫情時代歐 盟衛生法可能的發展趨勢。
英文關鍵字
EU Health Law, COVID-19, Transboundary Crisis, Internal Market, Civil Protection Mechanism, European Agency, EMA
英文摘要
In the mid-1990s, it was still controversial as to whether the notion of ‘EU health law’ existed or not. Very few people would nowadays dispute that ‘EU health law’ is a meaningful concept. Late studies turn the discussion to the scope of those entities. In this article, the author tries to identify the scope and framework of ‘EU health law’. The article will review the historical emergence and development of the ‘EU health law’ as a distinctive body of law firstly. The following analyses how the EU’s health law and the tools have been utilized in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, mainly through encouraging cooperation between the member states in the sphere of public health based on the article 168 TFEU, civil protection mechanism, internal market competence and fiscal governance framework such as European Semester. It also describes the proposed changes to EU health policy for the coronavirus recovery phase. The following figures out the dark side of the ‘EU health law’. One problem is that the indirect legislation, which means the EU has adopted many harmonizing measures in health law and policy based on the competence in other policy areas, principally internal market. Another issue is the accountability of European Agencies. European Agencies play an active and effective role in crisis management and public health governance in the EU. Many of them exercise a de facto decision-making power. This raises problems relating to legitimacy and accountability. This article demonstrates the structure of European Agencies and takes EMA as an example to clarify their problematic aspects. It then tries to present a more rational accountability framework for European Agencies in order to better balance accountability with independence and effectiveness. Finally, it outlines directions of future development of EU health law. It is commonly agreed that EU health law grows through crisis. Another transboundary public health crisis could prompt valuable steps.
目次
壹、前言 貳、歐盟衛生法的出現 一、1992 年之前 二、馬斯垂克條約 三、阿姆斯特丹條約 四、里斯本條約 五、小結 參、COVID-19 危機與歐盟衛生法 一、透過公衛協調合作及危機處理機制而為之措施 二、基於內部市場權限採取之措施 三、透過財政治理措施影響公共衛生 四、後疫情佈局：EU4Health Programme 五、小結：歐盟衛生法的範圍、特色及COVID-19 造成的影響 肆、歐盟衛生法的隱憂 一、間接立法衍生的隱憂 二、歐盟專門機構問責制度有待強化 伍、結論