專題論文
Thesis

公司法上以實施員工庫藏股方式買回員工持股之研究
A Study of the Buyback of Employee-Held Stocks in the Form of Treasury Stocks under the Company Act
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編著譯者
陳盈如、呂文嘉
出版日期
刊登出處
72
授權者
ISSN
1561-6312
地址
台北市士林區華岡路55號大賢館
電話
02-2861-0511
關鍵字
股份自由轉讓原則;股份禁止回籠原則;庫藏股;股份買回; 董事會特別決議
中文摘要
依據公司法第163 條股份自由轉讓原則之規定,公司之股份轉讓 不得以章程禁止或限制之,惟公司法第167 條之1 係股份禁止回籠原則 之例外,公司得以實施員工庫藏股為原因買回其股份,然究竟如何實 施方適法,於實務上容有疑義。首先,須辨明公司得否與員工以契約 約定,於員工離職時由公司買回自己股份?是否得以公司法第167 條 之1 為買回之依據?實務上在認定公司得以公司法第167 條之1 為買回 員工持股之法律依據的前提下,又產生另一爭議-董事會決議時點。 按公司法第167 條之1 之規定,公司買回自己股份,應以董事會特別決 議決之,惟董事會決議做成時點,究應落在何時,實務上對此見解不 一。本文將逐一探討股份自由轉讓原則之起源、股份禁止回籠原則及 其例外,並釐清公司與員工簽署股份買回契約並買回股份是否適法, 以及公司未履行該買回協議之法律效果。更進一步,本文將就其他國 家之相關規範做觀察比較,探討在國際潮流下,我國是否應給予公司 在買回股份上更多之空間。
英文關鍵字
Free Transferability of Shares, Prohibition of Repurchasing Shares, Treasury Shares, Buybacks of Shares, Resolution of Board of Directors
英文摘要
According to the principle of free transferability of shares in Article 163 of the Company Law, the company’s share transfer shall not be prohibited or restricted by the articles of incorporation. However, in accordance with Article 167-1 of the Company Law, which is an exception to the principle of prohibition of repurchasing shares, the company can implement treasury shares to buy back its shares. The processes to implement it and methodologies for how to comply with the procedures and laws is doubtful in practice. First of all, one question considers whether there is any legal basis for agreement between the company and its employees to buy back the company’s shares on the condition that the employee leaves his job. It is unclear whether it is lawful to use Article 167-1 of the Company Law as the legal basis to enforce the buyback agreement. In addition, when a company is going to buy back its own shares, it should be decided by a resolution of the board of directors. However, courts have conflict opinions regarding the timing for the board of directors to make the resolution, which causes the application of the law inconsistently. This article will discuss the origin of the principle of free transferability of shares, detail the principle of prohibition of buyback of shares and its exceptions, clarify the legality for the company and its employees to enter into and enforce a share buyback agreement, and explore the legal effect of a company’s failure to enforce a share agreement under Article 167-1 of the Company Law. Furthermore, this article will make observations and comparisons on foreign legislations and case laws. In doing so, we can explore the benefits and disadvantages regarding whether Taiwan should give our companies more room to buy back shares based on the international trends.
目次
壹、前言 貳、實務見解 一、臺灣新竹地方法院 109 年重訴字第80 號民事判決 (一)本案事實 (二)公司得否與員工簽訂股權買回合約 (三)以實施員工庫藏股方式買回員工持股之法律效力與董事會 決議時點 二、其他實務判決 (一)臺灣新竹地方法院 106 年度訴字第585 號民事判決 (二)臺灣新竹地方法院 96 年度訴字第797 號民事判決 (三)臺灣高等法院 96 年度上更(一)字第125 號民事判決 (四)臺灣高等法院 98 年度上易字第276 號民事判決 參、股份自由轉讓原則-公司法第 163 條 一、股份自由轉讓原則 二、公司得否以契約和股東或員工約訂轉讓之限制? 肆、公司買回自己股份之例外-庫藏股 一、禁止公司買回自己股份原則 二、庫藏股制度 (一)公司法第 167 條之1 得否做為約定買回特定股東之持股之 依據? (二)公司買回自己股份之董事會決議時點 三、公司違法買回自己股份-取締規定或效力規定? 伍、比較法觀察 一、美國公司近年之買回股份狂潮 (一)美國公司大量自己股份買回之因素 (二)美國公司大量股份買回所產生之弊病 二、各國立法模式 (一)美國 (二)歐盟 (三)香港 (四)日本 三、我國是否應適度放寬股份買回之限制 陸、結論